President Andry Rajoelina and his predecessor (and archrival) Hery Rajaonarimampianina had made poverty reduction and infrastructure development major priorities. With 80 million hectares of arable land, over a thousand minerals and valuable metals under its surface and a citizen median age of just 17, the Democratic Republic of the Congothe World Bank sayshas the potential to become one of the richest African nations and a driver of growth for the entire continent (even just by virtue of being the worlds largest producer of cobalt and Africas leading source of copper, two metals essential in the production of electric vehicles). Angola 39.70. This has led to the suspension of all Sierra Leone 44.22. Mali 46.24. 10: Volcano Eruption Kills More Than 40 in Indonesia. Various countries like the US and Australia warn their citizens about visiting Chad due to terror attacks, and violent conflict between the rebels and the government following national elections on 11th of April. Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe which has been mired in civil war in its Donbass region between the government and Pro-Russian separatists following the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014. Ethiopia is the epicenter of the largest locust outbreak in decades, with a real risk of further disruption to agriculture in 2021. OSAC graded Mali on threat level 4 and urges US citizens to not to travel to the country out of concerns for safety. I went one-by-one into each of the six categories, she says. Global Finance editor Andrea Fiano interviews sgeir Jnsson, Central Bank Governor of Iceland during Global Finance's World's Best Bank Awards at the National Press Club in Washington, DC on October 15th. For the first time since its independence from France in 1960, in 2016 the Central African Republic has democratically elected a president: former mathematics professor and prime minister Faustin Archange Touadra, who campaigned as a peacemaker who could bridge the divide between the Muslim minority and the Christian majority. WEF obtained this data from International Telecommunication Union. Many families have been uprooted multiple times. But they were just thatpromises, mostly. The country has been in a state of war for decades, with constant civil strife by numerous tribes and factions controlled by warlords. In 2020, the country's constitutional court annulled former president Peter Mutharika's poll win in the previous years general elections citing vote tampering. Since becoming independent from France in 1960, Madagascar has experienced bouts of political instability, violent coups and disputed elections. Afghanistan is located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. Also sobering: America ranked worst for time. Moving down to the south-west coast of Africa, Angola has large mineral and petroleum reserves, but his has not translated to a much better life for its people. If you are conscious of your countrys reputation in the world, we bring you the list of the 25 dumbest countries in the world to help you find out where your country stands. The pandemic not only halted but reversed that progress: by the end of 2021, the IMF has estimated, an additional 150 million people are likely to have entered the ranks of the extreme poor. Despite these problems and incidents, in recent years growth has somewhat picked up, driven by the timber industry and a revival of both agricultural and mining sectors. Ivory Coast 48.97. With that said, let's move down to the 25 most dangerous countries in the world. 11 Countries with Highest Muslim Population, Top 15 Intelligence Agencies With Biggest Budgets In The World. The country came in at a shockingly low 34th place out of 35 countries, only beating out crime-ridden Mexico. Could this be a turning point for the poorest nation in the world? Conflict, climate change, desert locusts and the COVID-19 pandemic all further deepen the challenges facing Ethiopia in 2021. It has become strikingly clear that people of color do not feel safe in America., Cost was another contributing factor. These data points are produced by the United Nations and by other international agencies, with a few by NGOs and other organisations. Most of it is as a result of very strong and stable political and legal institutions, social harmony as well as economic opportunities and welfare. Mozambique. CAPITAL PARTNERS - Peter A. Wright, Invicta Capital Management - Gregory A. Weaver, Tekne Capital Management - Beeneet Kothari, Jericho Capital Asset Management - Josh Resnick, Rivulet Capital - Barry Lebovits and Joshua Kuntz, Generation Investment Man. Sierra Leone. The country is not there amongst the top 10 in any of the categories mentioned below but its presence in each Over to East Africa now, Ethiopia endured civil war and communist purges in the 70s and 80s, devastating its economy. The country is mired in ethnic violence with a history of gross human rights abuses. OSAC grades Yemen on threat level 4 and urges citizens to not travel to the country. Yemen tops the IRC's annual Emergency Watchlist for the third year running. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yt6GQqo9hgY** Top 50 World's Highest Paid Athletes (2020) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uotdk7qbIlg** Top 50 Highest Earning Movie Franchises. The IRC is treating children for acute malnutrition and providing other support in Nigeria, where a decade of conflict has left millions facing a hunger crisis. It has a crime rate score of 49.23. This is partly down to two vicious civil wars over the last three decades, as well as Ebola outbreaks. However, in most cases, youd find both crime and political instability in the same place. Iran is very belligerent towards the United States and so the United States has various contingency plans in case a war broke out. Population:20.9 millionPeople in need of aid:3.5 million2020 Emergency Watchlist position:8. Chad 36.38. Conflict, economic collapse and the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to famine. 25 Most Dangerous Countries in the World is originally published on Insider Monkey. Later on, Al Qaeda jumped in from around to fight the US and radicalize the local youth and created an insurgency. Your contribution will help the IRC respond to humanitarian needs in countries featured on our Emergency Watchlist and worldwide. Then, when a tenuous recovery was underway, the blockade of Ukraine's wheat exports plunged the country further into despair, filling local health facilities and with severely malnourished children. UpdateJuly 19, 2022: With a catastrophic famine looming on the horizon across East Africa, the International Rescue Committee (IRC) has released our first ever Crisis Alert update to our annual Emergency Watchlist, highlighting that over 3 million people could die without urgent international funding. The war has dented the countrys political stability and increased the crime rate. Yemen is a middle eastern country with an ongoing civil war between the Saudi backed Yemeni Government and Houthi Rebels. Porto, Portugal. The US invaded Afghanistan in 2001 and was quickly able to topple the Taliban government with the help of advanced weaponry and firepower developed by companies like Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE: LMT), Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC), General Dynamics Corporation (NYSE: GD), Raytheon Technologies Corporation (NYSE: RTX) and The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA). The SPI ranks its "water and sanitation" sub-index at only 22.19, which has lead to devastating food shortages and famines. For instance, the civil war in Syria that was sparked when the government brutally cracked down on protests in 2011 has led to a huge spike in organized crime as well as disorganized crime and general violence in the country with crimes being committed by government factions, rebels as well as opportunistic criminals according to a paper from Stability Journal. The Islamic State also gained a foothold in the country post-withdrawal of the US forces. While GDP per capita is often considered the standard metric, by compensating for differences in living costs and rates of inflation the purchasing power parity (PPP) can better assess an individuals buying power in any given country. READ MORE:Study Reveals: The Best States To Have A Baby In America (And The Worst), This study has been eye-opening for me, says Los Angeles-based journalist Lyric Fergusson, who runs the site with her husband Asher and is a mother of two. Read on for the list of the35 best and worst places in the Raising a Family Index. Papua New Guinea has the 2nd highest crime rate in the world just behind Venezuela. Will the people of South Sudan ever have a real shot at living more prosperous lives? Here are 10 of the deadliest natural disasters of 2021: Next: No. civil war which ended in the early 1990s, but thankfully it has been relatively stable since then. What are the dumbest countries in the world? 2. No other country in our study gives zero paid maternity leave or zero paid vacation time.. We used survey results done by WEF to rank countries by the quality of math and science education. The country with the lowest standard of living for its citizens is the Central African Republic (CAR), according to the SPI. The country is also home to AQAP or Alqaeda in Arabian Peninsula. A new unity government took office in early 2020. Civil unrest, terrorism and violent crime are all too common in the country. Although the crime rate is moderate, the country is politically deeply unstable with a very aggressive military that has been cracking down on Rohingya muslims. Liberia means "land of the free" in Latin, but that is not reflected in its SPI ranking, which scores only 41.44 on the "tolerance and inclusion" index. |Contact Us. In some countries, crime rate is a structural problem and failure of law and order. Meanwhile, roughly three-quarters of the countrys 90 million population is still living on less than two dollars a day. Year-on-year inflation, in the meantime, has risen to about 20%. So who are the top 10? We used patent applications per million population to rank countries based on their advancement in technology and research. Safety severely impacted the United Statess ranking. Many terrorist groups including Boko Haram and Al-Shabab are active in the country. Copyright 2023. Have you ever wanted to know about the dumbest countries in the world? By the way, we already published an article about the list of smartest countries in the world. (Sweden was the best priced country to raise a family.) Located 400 kilometers off the coast of East Africa, Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world. Hence why economists often refer to cycles of poverty. Even after four decades of crises, humanitarian needs in Afghanistan are growing rapidly amid the pandemic and unrelenting violence, with the number of people requiring aid for 2021 nearly doubling compared to early 2020. Among the economies of the world, the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is $131,781.72 in Luxembourg, while the lowest is $265.18 is in Burundi, based on 2021 IMF estimates. The country is entirely landlocked and is surrounded by Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. 109. So theres a potential threat for American and Canadian tourists. Population:29.8 millionPeople in need of aid:24.3 million2020 Emergency Watchlist position:1. The countrys coffers should get a boost from the rise in oil prices, but what good is that for when the median life expectancy at birth, 54, remains one of the lowest in the world? Wracked by military coups since its independence from France in 1960, in 2011 Niger declared veteran opposition leader Mahamadou Issoufou winner of the presidential polls. Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is an area of approximately 274,200 square kilometers in Western Africa Iceland was named the best country to raise a family. Civil unrest, terrorism and high crime are commonplace in the country. In 2015, however, the announcement that he would run for a third termwhich according to the opposition was in violation of the constitutionreignited old disputes. called it the most dangerous place for women in the world due to the use of rape as a tactic. These data points are combined into a common measure which gives an overall ranking, and a ranking in seven categories: The concept, and the index itself, were developed by Simon Anholt. WebThats why it ranked on number eight as the worst country to live in in 2021. WebYemen .455. By contrast, in the top 10 richest nations this figure is close to $100,000. The country ranked poorly in categories like safety (it was the most dangerous in the world), health (the worst), education (also the worst) and happiness (the fifth least happy country). Iran is particularly dangerous to US citizens and the US state department advises against traveling to the country. The number of people in need in Mozambique has nearly doubled as an insurgency grips a country still struggling to recover from two powerful cyclones that struck in 2019. There are countries in the world which produce the finest intellectuals in every field, yet the same country sinks in the depths of poverty and debtswe will try to cover why this may happen later in the article. Yet, the government has struggled to restore sales and has seen only a fraction of the revenues it once did, and roughly 70% of the population still live below the poverty line. Osac grades Niger at level 3 when it comes to crime rate and advises US citizens to reconsider travel to the country. The Index utilizes 35 data points, five for each of seven categories. 5. All rights reserved.For reprint rights. Afghanistan 35.89. 17. 3. The Central African Republic is another country in African continent. Formed by the 10 southern-most territories of Sudan and home to around 60 indigenous ethnic groups, a new conflict broke out in 2013 when president Salva Kiir accused his former deputy, rebel leader Riek Machar, of staging a coup. Learn more about the IRCs Burkina Faso response. In this regard, various companies like have helped the US prop up its defense through government contracts.Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE: LMT), Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC), General Dynamics Corporation (NYSE: GD), Raytheon Technologies Corporation (NYSE: RTX) and The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA). The majority of the population is still dependent upon agriculture for their livelihoods, leaving the countrys economy especially vulnerable to weather-related disasters. Compare that to Scandinavian countries, where households only have to spend 4% to 10% of household income to raise a well-rounded child.. 2021 marks a decade of conflict in Syria. One of Africas smallest nations, in recent years Malawi has made strides in improving economic growth and implementing crucial structural reforms. On top of large-scale violence, Congo also has had to grapple with outbreaks of Ebola and COVID-19. WebNevertheless, a 2021 recovery is very uncertain. For example, Singapore has the highest IQ but is not considered the smartest nation in the world. Web36 U.S. 49 Hong Kong. Burundi GDP Per Capita: 724 Burundi, located in Central Africa, is the number one poorest country in the world by current figures. Nevertheless, the largest nation in West Africa seems to have finally entered a new political and economic transition phase. All rights Reserved. The war in Ukraine has only brought more pain: the World Food Program has already warned that due to the sharp increase in the price of staple products such as rice, wheat flour and vegetable oil the country is currently facing unprecedented levels of food insecurity. Conflict in the Tigray region is driving a rapid rise in humanitarian needs, including refugee movements into Sudan, amid allegations of violence against civilians.. You can skip our detailed analysis and go directly to the, Overall, North America and Europe are relatively the most stable and low crime regions in the world. Ivory Coast 48.97. Collectively, the top five plastic waste dumpers throw an astonishing 314 million kg of plastic into the ocean per year. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCNjcB2dAIQ** Game Of Thrones Characters Ranked By Screentime https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOkNF0oXTNEThank You !#CountryComparison #DataEagle Learn more about the IRC's work in Nigeria. The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has left countries affected by conflict and crisis to struggle on their ownand the worlds most vulnerable people are paying the price. On the contrary, a recent leak of financial documents shows howwhile in powerhe used a private bank to embezzle about $138 million of public funds. Rich in gold, oil, uranium and diamonds, the Central African Republic is a very wealthy country inhabited by very poor people. Learn more and find out how to help. Political stability on GlobalEconomy is measured on a scale of -2.5 to 2.5 with the former representing extreme instability and the latter, highest stability. Political stability on GlobalEconomy is measured on a scale of -2.5 to 2.5 with the former representing extreme instability and the latter, highest stability. Humanitarian risks in South Sudan in 2021. Sadly its population suffers a great deal today, especially on the "nutrition and medical care" sub-index, which the SPI gives just 44.84. The country, which is now considered a bright spot on the continent, will see its economy expanding by up to 7% this year and in 2023, and is now projected to achieve double-digit growth by 2024. Fergusson says that the study led her to the conclusion that America is a deeply challenged and troubled countrybut she has hope. Score: 87.97. But the challenges he faces, needless to say, are daunting. WebSee the full lists of WPS top and lowest 10 lists below and explore every country included in the report here. Population:38.9 millionPeople in need of aid:18.4 million2020 Emergency Watchlist position:6. Launched: 2019.Where we focus:clean water; sanitation service support; primary health care, including reproductive health care and child health care. In a turnaround from 2022, the Central American Bank for Economic Integration's latest infrastructure bond offering is proving popular with investors. One shocking fact that the journalists uncovered: American mothers are twice as likely to die in childbirth here as in Canadaeven though it will cost us three times as much for a standard hospital birth, says Fergusson. Although the country is rebuilding itself now, it's not out of the woods yet. The world's poorest countriessuffered from civil wars, ethnic and sectarianstrife and then COVID-19 came along making bad situations worse. Our systemic racism is just one example, which has been recently exposed during the Black Lives Matter protests, says Fergusson. Like many affected countries Though it's made a bit of a recovery, its access to information and communications index scores a terrible 34.57. 12. However, violence has continued to ravage this land-locked state of roughly 11 million. Ethiopia is an African country located in the Horn of Africa. Syria is also the deadliest country in the world for humanitarians. According to a UN report, crime and instability have been shown to be inter-linked. Learn more about the IRC's response in Congo. Pakistan. Five of them are landlocked, putting them at a considerable disadvantage relative to those with access to maritime trade when it comes to both importing and exporting goods. While, like his predecessor, he has initially downplayed the severity of the virus and reports of human rights violations continue to emerge from the country, he made an effort to relaunch the economy and repair diplomatic relationships with his African neighbors and especially the West. In the meantime, more than sixty years after winning its independence from France and two decades after becoming an oil-producing nation, Chad still ranks near the bottom of the United Nations Human Development Index. As a result, while living standards in urban areas are broadly improving, food insecurity in rural parts is extremely high. What are the dumbest countries in the world? So far, the council has shown very little desire to organize such an election. Just two years ago, Burkina Faso faced virtually no mass conflict or displacement. For other likely contenders for the undesirable title of poorest of the poorlike Afghanistan, Syria and Lebanonyears of military, social, political turmoil make it impossible to attempt any assessment due to the lack of reliable economic figures. It notes that scaling countries on a GDP basis skews it in favor of poorer countries, and that the interpretation of certain parameters is flawed, but also calls the index "a worthwhile pursuit by imagining how countries might compete when they aim to serve others."[10]. Topping our list of 25 dumbest countries in the world is Chad. Topping the list of best places to raise a family were countries like Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland (which was recently named the happiest country in the world for the third year in a row). - David Blood, Al Gore, Raging Capital Management - William C. Martin, G2 Investment Partners Management - Josh Goldberg, SG Capital - Ken Grossman and Glen Schneider, Freshford Capital Management - Michael Doheny, Foxhaven Asset Management - Michael Pausic. His controversial predecessor Joseph Kabilawho had governed since succeeding his assassinated father in 2001is credited for bringing an end to what is commonly referred to as the Great African War, a conflict that claimed up to 6 million lives, either as a direct result of fighting or because of disease and malnutrition. Covid-19. The effects of climate change will only exacerbate these crises.The international community must take action now, before decades of hard-won progress on reducing poverty, hunger and disease is lost or even reversed. Launched: 2012.Where we focus:support for health facilities and mobile health teams with trauma, primary, reproductive, and mental health services; COVID-19 awareness, and infection, prevention, and control training; food and cash distributions; women and childrens protection; early childhood development programs. The country has been in a state of war for decades, with constant civil strife by numerous tribes and factions controlled by warlords. Crime rate score for the country is 46.93. Countries with Lowest Quality of Math and Science Education, Countries with the Lowest Internet Usage Rates, Countries with the Lowest Tertiary Education Enrollment Percentages. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKJqDbdbrXw** 50 Famous Personalities Ranked By Their IQ. Nations can also be ranked based on school test rankings or the number of Nobel Prizes won throughout the years. Yemenis tell the IRC they worry more about hunger than COVID-19: As the pandemic deepens the countrys economic crisis, and with no political resolution in sight, Yemen faces the risk of famine. Fergusson says that she was surprised by the results and couldnt believe what she saw when she reviewed the data. The conflict is increasingly deadly for civilians and disruptive to health services and education. Stalled peace efforts and competition for control of oil fields put Yemen at risk of escalating conflict.. Pierre Nkurunziza, the charismatic former Hutu rebel turned president in 2005, had initially managed to unite the country behind him and to start rebuilding the economy. Even after a decade of conflict that has uprooted nearly 3 million people and left millions more facing a hunger crisis, violence is still growing in northeast Nigeria. Tanatat Pongpibool/Getty Images. Twitter Inc (TWTR) Could Use Gamergate Autoblocker Model To Block Millions of Fake Accounts? Most of it is as a result of very strong and stable political and legal institutions, social harmony as well as economic opportunities and welfare. Rajoelina, his critics say, has proved to be corrupt and ineffective (although he recently sacked all his ministers blaming them for the very same reasons). The already strained humanitarian response is likely to face further administrative restrictions as well as rising costs driven by growing fuel shortages. The worst is the "personal rights," sub-index at only 2.27, suggesting that even if a nation is resource-rich CAR has huge mineral and oil reserves not everyone benefits. When, in the summer of 2020, French company Total S.A. secured $15.8 billion in funding for a liquified natural gas facility in the regionthe biggest foreign direct investment in Africa evermany hoped the project would mark the start of a new beginning. Huanhua Road Malawi is a generally peaceful country that has had stable governments since gaining independence from Britain in 1964. 2020 will go down as one of the most turbulent years in history, but the next year will be remembered for how we either helped or turned away from those suffering the most, says IRC president and CEO David Miliband. The COVID-19 pandemic is pushing the country toward potential famine in the northeast in 2021. The triple threat of conflict, climate change and COVID-19 is driving the crises in nearly allEmergency Watchlist countries, threatening famine in several in 2021. To read more, please visit 25 Dumbest Countries in the World. At the time, the government introduced a law earmarking 80% of royalties and 85% of dividends from oil production for poverty relief. Another African country on list of 25 most dangerous countries on Earth, Mali is riddled with political instability, terrorism, civil unrest and crime. Countries with diets tilted toward commodities with the largest price gains (especially wheat and corn), those more dependent on food imports, and those with a large pass-through from global to local staple food prices are most distressed. Quality of math and science education: 3.40, Rank based on quality of math and science education: 43, Rank based on tertiary education enrollment: 27, Percent of individuals using internet: 10.9, AngolaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaChadcountries that are considered dumbCountries with Lowest Quality of Math and Science EducationCountries with the Lowest Internet Usage RatesCountries with the Lowest Tertiary Education Enrollment PercentagesDumbest Countries in the WorldEthiopiaGambiaGuineaHaitiHondurasLesotholess intelligent countries in the worldLiberiaList XFinanceMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniamost stupid countries of the worldMozambiqueMyanmarPakistanRwandaSierra Leonesmartest countries in the worldstupidest countries in the worldTanzaniaTimor LesteUgandaWhich country is the dumbest in the world?which is the most dumb country in the worldYemenShow moreShow less, 10 Countries That Consume the Most Genetically Modified Foods, Top 15 Intelligence Agencies with Biggest Personnel Size, 11 Countries with The Highest Mormon Population. Possibly the worst-case scenario materialized. The rapidly escalating conflict in the northern Cabo Delgado province has pushed Mozambique not just onto the Emergency Watchlist for the first time, but straight into the lists top ten countries of most concern. Sorry, no results has been found matching your query. Since gaining independence from Belgium in 1960, the Congo has suffered decades of rapacious dictatorship, political instability and constant violence. No matter the origins of a child or who they turn out to be, Icelands constitution ensures they will be treated unequivocally as an equal.. However, in most cases, youd find both crime and political instability in the same place. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Underprivileged households worldwide, it goes without saying, suffered the worst social and economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. Learn more about the IRCs South Sudan response. Hongmei Neon Equipment Factory Which country is the dumbest in the world? The International Rescue Committee has released its 2021 Emergency Watchlist, a global list of humanitarian crises that are expected to deteriorate the most over the coming year. Transformative Travel: I look at how travel can change lives. If you are conscious of your countrys reputation in the world, we bring you the list of the 25 dumbest countries in the world to help you find out where your country stands. The 17 countries with the worst quality of life in the world, https://www.businessinsider.in/the-17-countries-with-the-worst-quality-of-life-in-the-world/17-ivory-coast-48-97-we-begin-with-the-ivory-coast-in-west-africa-a-country-which-scores-just-35-43-on-the-spis-personal-rights-metric-thanks-in-part-to-two-civil-wars-in-the-last-14-years-alone-/slidelist/53008535.cms. Yemen scores low on every sub-index, but access to advanced education is really terrible at only 5.29. For a start, one may pray that her country does not make it to the list as nobody likes being called dumb. Get our editors daily picks straight in your inbox! The Index attempts to measure the global impacts of national policies and behaviors: what the country contributes to the global commons, and what they take away. However, even after years of nation building, the country is still torn apart with half of it in control of the Taliban and the rest in the control of the government. ", Risk of death from non-communicable disease, Discrimination and violence against minorities, Time devoted to leisure and personal care, Internet censorship and surveillance by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Good_Country_Index&oldid=1137964802, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2018, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Number of articles published in international journals (2009 latest data) relative to GDP, Exports of creative services (UNCTAD's Creative Economy Report categorisation) relative to GDP, Number of countries and territories that citizens can enter without a visa, Number of peacekeeping troops sent overseas relative to GDP, Dues in arrears to financial contribution to UN peacekeeping missions as percentage of contribution (negative indicator), Attributed number of casualties of international organised violence relative to GDP (negative indicator), Exports of weapons and ammunition relative to GDP (negative indicator), Global Cyber Security Index score (negative indicator), Percentage of population that gives to charity as proxy for cosmopolitan attitude, Number of refugees hosted relative to GDP, Number of refugees overseas relative to GDP (negative indicator), Population growth rate (negative indicator), Number of treaties signed as proxy for diplomatic action and peaceful conflict resolution, National Footprint Accounts Biocapacity reserve (2009), Exports of hazardous waste relative to GDP (only 2008 and 2011 data available, so 2011 data used as negative indicator), Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions relative to GDP (2007 latest data as negative indicator), Methane + nitrous oxide + other greenhouse gas (HFC, PFC and SF6) emissions relative to GDP (negative indicator), Trading across borders (open trading performance compared to best practice; i.e.